Number Protocol¶
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int PyNumber_Check(PyObject *o)¶
- Returns - 1if the object o provides numeric protocols, and false otherwise. This function always succeeds.- Changed in version 3.8: Returns - 1if o is an index integer.
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PyObject* PyNumber_Add(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the result of adding o1 and o2, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressiono1 + o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_Subtract(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the result of subtracting o2 from o1, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressiono1 - o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_Multiply(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the result of multiplying o1 and o2, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressiono1 * o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_MatrixMultiply(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the result of matrix multiplication on o1 and o2, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressiono1 @ o2.New in version 3.5. 
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PyObject* PyNumber_FloorDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Return the floor of o1 divided by o2, or NULLon failure. This is equivalent to the “classic” division of integers.
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PyObject* PyNumber_TrueDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Return a reasonable approximation for the mathematical value of o1 divided by o2, or NULLon failure. The return value is “approximate” because binary floating point numbers are approximate; it is not possible to represent all real numbers in base two. This function can return a floating point value when passed two integers.
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PyObject* PyNumber_Remainder(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the remainder of dividing o1 by o2, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressiono1 % o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_Divmod(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.See the built-in function divmod(). ReturnsNULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressiondivmod(o1, o2).
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PyObject* PyNumber_Power(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, PyObject *o3)¶
- Return value: New reference.See the built-in function pow(). ReturnsNULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressionpow(o1, o2, o3), where o3 is optional. If o3 is to be ignored, passPy_Nonein its place (passingNULLfor o3 would cause an illegal memory access).
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PyObject* PyNumber_Negative(PyObject *o)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the negation of o on success, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression-o.
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PyObject* PyNumber_Positive(PyObject *o)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns o on success, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression+o.
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PyObject* PyNumber_Absolute(PyObject *o)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the absolute value of o, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressionabs(o).
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PyObject* PyNumber_Invert(PyObject *o)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the bitwise negation of o on success, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression~o.
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PyObject* PyNumber_Lshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the result of left shifting o1 by o2 on success, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressiono1 << o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_Rshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the result of right shifting o1 by o2 on success, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressiono1 >> o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_And(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the “bitwise and” of o1 and o2 on success and NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressiono1 & o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_Xor(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the “bitwise exclusive or” of o1 by o2 on success, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressiono1 ^ o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_Or(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the “bitwise or” of o1 and o2 on success, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressiono1 | o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceAdd(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the result of adding o1 and o2, or NULLon failure. The operation is done in-place when o1 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python statemento1 += o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the result of subtracting o2 from o1, or NULLon failure. The operation is done in-place when o1 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python statemento1 -= o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the result of multiplying o1 and o2, or NULLon failure. The operation is done in-place when o1 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python statemento1 *= o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceMatrixMultiply(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the result of matrix multiplication on o1 and o2, or NULLon failure. The operation is done in-place when o1 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python statemento1 @= o2.New in version 3.5. 
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PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the mathematical floor of dividing o1 by o2, or NULLon failure. The operation is done in-place when o1 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python statemento1 //= o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Return a reasonable approximation for the mathematical value of o1 divided by o2, or NULLon failure. The return value is “approximate” because binary floating point numbers are approximate; it is not possible to represent all real numbers in base two. This function can return a floating point value when passed two integers. The operation is done in-place when o1 supports it.
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PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the remainder of dividing o1 by o2, or NULLon failure. The operation is done in-place when o1 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python statemento1 %= o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_InPlacePower(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, PyObject *o3)¶
- Return value: New reference.See the built-in function pow(). ReturnsNULLon failure. The operation is done in-place when o1 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python statemento1 **= o2when o3 isPy_None, or an in-place variant ofpow(o1, o2, o3)otherwise. If o3 is to be ignored, passPy_Nonein its place (passingNULLfor o3 would cause an illegal memory access).
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PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceLshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the result of left shifting o1 by o2 on success, or NULLon failure. The operation is done in-place when o1 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python statemento1 <<= o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceRshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the result of right shifting o1 by o2 on success, or NULLon failure. The operation is done in-place when o1 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python statemento1 >>= o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceAnd(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the “bitwise and” of o1 and o2 on success and NULLon failure. The operation is done in-place when o1 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python statemento1 &= o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceXor(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the “bitwise exclusive or” of o1 by o2 on success, or NULLon failure. The operation is done in-place when o1 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python statemento1 ^= o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceOr(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the “bitwise or” of o1 and o2 on success, or NULLon failure. The operation is done in-place when o1 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python statemento1 |= o2.
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PyObject* PyNumber_Long(PyObject *o)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the o converted to an integer object on success, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressionint(o).
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PyObject* PyNumber_Float(PyObject *o)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the o converted to a float object on success, or NULLon failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expressionfloat(o).
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PyObject* PyNumber_Index(PyObject *o)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the o converted to a Python int on success or NULLwith aTypeErrorexception raised on failure.
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PyObject* PyNumber_ToBase(PyObject *n, int base)¶
- Return value: New reference.Returns the integer n converted to base base as a string. The base argument must be one of 2, 8, 10, or 16. For base 2, 8, or 16, the returned string is prefixed with a base marker of '0b','0o', or'0x', respectively. If n is not a Python int, it is converted withPyNumber_Index()first.
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Py_ssize_t PyNumber_AsSsize_t(PyObject *o, PyObject *exc)¶
- Returns o converted to a Py_ssize_t value if o can be interpreted as an integer. If the call fails, an exception is raised and - -1is returned.- If o can be converted to a Python int but the attempt to convert to a Py_ssize_t value would raise an - OverflowError, then the exc argument is the type of exception that will be raised (usually- IndexErroror- OverflowError). If exc is- NULL, then the exception is cleared and the value is clipped to- PY_SSIZE_T_MINfor a negative integer or- PY_SSIZE_T_MAXfor a positive integer.