Python Initialization Configuration¶
New in version 3.8.
Structures:
Functions:
The preconfiguration (PyPreConfig type) is stored in
_PyRuntime.preconfig and the configuration (PyConfig type) is stored in
PyInterpreterState.config.
See also Initialization, Finalization, and Threads.
See also
PEP 587 “Python Initialization Configuration”.
PyWideStringList¶
- 
PyWideStringList¶
- List of - wchar_t*strings.- If length is non-zero, items must be non- - NULLand all strings must be non-- NULL.- Methods: - 
PyStatus PyWideStringList_Append(PyWideStringList *list, const wchar_t *item)¶
- Append item to list. - Python must be preinitialized to call this function. 
 - 
PyStatus PyWideStringList_Insert(PyWideStringList *list, Py_ssize_t index, const wchar_t *item)¶
- Insert item into list at index. - If index is greater than or equal to list length, append item to list. - index must be greater than or equal to 0. - Python must be preinitialized to call this function. 
 - Structure fields: - 
Py_ssize_t length¶
- List length. 
 - 
wchar_t** items¶
- List items. 
 
- 
PyStatus 
PyStatus¶
- 
PyStatus¶
- Structure to store an initialization function status: success, error or exit. - For an error, it can store the C function name which created the error. - Structure fields: - 
int exitcode¶
- Exit code. Argument passed to - exit().
 - 
const char *err_msg¶
- Error message. 
 - 
const char *func¶
- Name of the function which created an error, can be - NULL.
 - Functions to create a status: - Functions to handle a status: - 
int PyStatus_Exception(PyStatus status)¶
- Is the status an error or an exit? If true, the exception must be handled; by calling - Py_ExitStatusException()for example.
 
- 
int 
Note
Internally, Python uses macros which set PyStatus.func,
whereas functions to create a status set func to NULL.
Example:
PyStatus alloc(void **ptr, size_t size)
{
    *ptr = PyMem_RawMalloc(size);
    if (*ptr == NULL) {
        return PyStatus_NoMemory();
    }
    return PyStatus_Ok();
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    void *ptr;
    PyStatus status = alloc(&ptr, 16);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        Py_ExitStatusException(status);
    }
    PyMem_Free(ptr);
    return 0;
}
PyPreConfig¶
- 
PyPreConfig¶
- Structure used to preinitialize Python: - Set the Python memory allocator 
- Configure the LC_CTYPE locale 
- Set the UTF-8 mode 
 - Function to initialize a preconfiguration: - 
void PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig(PyPreConfig *preconfig)¶
- Initialize the preconfiguration with Python Configuration. 
 - 
void PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig(PyPreConfig *preconfig)¶
- Initialize the preconfiguration with Isolated Configuration. 
 - Structure fields: - 
int allocator¶
- Name of the memory allocator: - PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET(- 0): don’t change memory allocators (use defaults)
- PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_DEFAULT(- 1): default memory allocators
- PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG(- 2): default memory allocators with debug hooks
- PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MALLOC(- 3): force usage of- malloc()
- PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MALLOC_DEBUG(- 4): force usage of- malloc()with debug hooks
- PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC(- 5): Python pymalloc memory allocator
- PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC_DEBUG(- 6): Python pymalloc memory allocator with debug hooks
 - PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOCand- PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC_DEBUGare not supported if Python is configured using- --without-pymalloc- See Memory Management. 
 - 
int configure_locale¶
- Set the LC_CTYPE locale to the user preferred locale? If equals to 0, set - coerce_c_localeand- coerce_c_locale_warnto 0.
 - 
int coerce_c_locale¶
- If equals to 2, coerce the C locale; if equals to 1, read the LC_CTYPE locale to decide if it should be coerced. 
 - 
int coerce_c_locale_warn¶
- If non-zero, emit a warning if the C locale is coerced. 
 - 
int dev_mode¶
- See - PyConfig.dev_mode.
 - 
int isolated¶
- See - PyConfig.isolated.
 - 
int legacy_windows_fs_encoding(Windows only)¶
- If non-zero, disable UTF-8 Mode, set the Python filesystem encoding to - mbcs, set the filesystem error handler to- replace.- Only available on Windows. - #ifdef MS_WINDOWSmacro can be used for Windows specific code.
 - 
int parse_argv¶
- If non-zero, - Py_PreInitializeFromArgs()and- Py_PreInitializeFromBytesArgs()parse their- argvargument the same way the regular Python parses command line arguments: see Command Line Arguments.
 - 
int use_environment¶
 - 
int utf8_mode¶
- If non-zero, enable the UTF-8 mode. 
 
Preinitialization with PyPreConfig¶
Functions to preinitialize Python:
- 
PyStatus Py_PreInitialize(const PyPreConfig *preconfig)¶
- Preinitialize Python from preconfig preconfiguration. 
- 
PyStatus Py_PreInitializeFromBytesArgs(const PyPreConfig *preconfig, int argc, char * const *argv)¶
- Preinitialize Python from preconfig preconfiguration and command line arguments (bytes strings). 
- 
PyStatus Py_PreInitializeFromArgs(const PyPreConfig *preconfig, int argc, wchar_t * const * argv)¶
- Preinitialize Python from preconfig preconfiguration and command line arguments (wide strings). 
The caller is responsible to handle exceptions (error or exit) using
PyStatus_Exception() and Py_ExitStatusException().
For Python Configuration
(PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig()), if Python is initialized with
command line arguments, the command line arguments must also be passed to
preinitialize Python, since they have an effect on the pre-configuration
like encodings. For example, the -X utf8 command line option
enables the UTF-8 Mode.
PyMem_SetAllocator() can be called after Py_PreInitialize() and
before Py_InitializeFromConfig() to install a custom memory allocator.
It can be called before Py_PreInitialize() if
PyPreConfig.allocator is set to PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET.
Python memory allocation functions like PyMem_RawMalloc() must not be
used before Python preinitialization, whereas calling directly malloc() and
free() is always safe. Py_DecodeLocale() must not be called before
the preinitialization.
Example using the preinitialization to enable the UTF-8 Mode:
PyStatus status;
PyPreConfig preconfig;
PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig(&preconfig);
preconfig.utf8_mode = 1;
status = Py_PreInitialize(&preconfig);
if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
    Py_ExitStatusException(status);
}
/* at this point, Python will speak UTF-8 */
Py_Initialize();
/* ... use Python API here ... */
Py_Finalize();
PyConfig¶
- 
PyConfig¶
- Structure containing most parameters to configure Python. - Structure methods: - 
void PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(PyConfig *config)¶
- Initialize configuration with Python Configuration. 
 - 
void PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig(PyConfig *config)¶
- Initialize configuration with Isolated Configuration. 
 - 
PyStatus PyConfig_SetString(PyConfig *config, wchar_t * const *config_str, const wchar_t *str)¶
- Copy the wide character string str into - *config_str.- Preinitialize Python if needed. 
 - 
PyStatus PyConfig_SetBytesString(PyConfig *config, wchar_t * const *config_str, const char *str)¶
- Decode str using - Py_DecodeLocale()and set the result into- *config_str.- Preinitialize Python if needed. 
 - 
PyStatus PyConfig_SetArgv(PyConfig *config, int argc, wchar_t * const *argv)¶
- Set command line arguments from wide character strings. - Preinitialize Python if needed. 
 - 
PyStatus PyConfig_SetBytesArgv(PyConfig *config, int argc, char * const *argv)¶
- Set command line arguments: decode bytes using - Py_DecodeLocale().- Preinitialize Python if needed. 
 - 
PyStatus PyConfig_SetWideStringList(PyConfig *config, PyWideStringList *list, Py_ssize_t length, wchar_t **items)¶
- Set the list of wide strings list to length and items. - Preinitialize Python if needed. 
 - 
PyStatus PyConfig_Read(PyConfig *config)¶
- Read all Python configuration. - Fields which are already initialized are left unchanged. - Preinitialize Python if needed. 
 - Most - PyConfigmethods preinitialize Python if needed. In that case, the Python preinitialization configuration in based on the- PyConfig. If configuration fields which are in common with- PyPreConfigare tuned, they must be set before calling a- PyConfigmethod:- Moreover, if - PyConfig_SetArgv()or- PyConfig_SetBytesArgv()is used, this method must be called first, before other methods, since the preinitialization configuration depends on command line arguments (if- parse_argvis non-zero).- The caller of these methods is responsible to handle exceptions (error or exit) using - PyStatus_Exception()and- Py_ExitStatusException().- Structure fields: - 
PyWideStringList argv¶
- Command line arguments, - sys.argv. See- parse_argvto parse- argvthe same way the regular Python parses Python command line arguments. If- argvis empty, an empty string is added to ensure that- sys.argvalways exists and is never empty.
 - 
wchar_t* base_exec_prefix¶
 - 
wchar_t* base_executable¶
- sys._base_executable:- __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__environment variable value, or copy of- PyConfig.executable.
 - 
wchar_t* base_prefix¶
 - 
wchar_t* platlibdir¶
- sys.platlibdir: platform library directory name, set at configure time by- --with-platlibdir, overrideable by the- PYTHONPLATLIBDIRenvironment variable.- New in version 3.9. 
 - 
int buffered_stdio¶
- If equals to 0, enable unbuffered mode, making the stdout and stderr streams unbuffered. - stdin is always opened in buffered mode. 
 - 
int bytes_warning¶
- If equals to 1, issue a warning when comparing - bytesor- bytearraywith- str, or comparing- byteswith- int. If equal or greater to 2, raise a- BytesWarningexception.
 - 
wchar_t* check_hash_pycs_mode¶
- Control the validation behavior of hash-based - .pycfiles (see PEP 552):- --check-hash-based-pycscommand line option value.- Valid values: - always,- neverand- default.- The default value is: - default.
 - 
int configure_c_stdio¶
- If non-zero, configure C standard streams ( - stdio,- stdout,- stdout). For example, set their mode to- O_BINARYon Windows.
 - 
int dev_mode¶
- If non-zero, enable the Python Development Mode. 
 - 
int dump_refs¶
- If non-zero, dump all objects which are still alive at exit. - Py_TRACE_REFSmacro must be defined in build.
 - 
wchar_t* exec_prefix¶
 - 
wchar_t* executable¶
 - 
int faulthandler¶
- If non-zero, call - faulthandler.enable()at startup.
 - 
wchar_t* filesystem_encoding¶
- Filesystem encoding, - sys.getfilesystemencoding().
 - 
wchar_t* filesystem_errors¶
- Filesystem encoding errors, - sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors().
 - 
unsigned long hash_seed¶
 - 
int use_hash_seed¶
- Randomized hash function seed. - If - use_hash_seedis zero, a seed is chosen randomly at Pythonstartup, and- hash_seedis ignored.
 - 
wchar_t* home¶
- Python home directory. - Initialized from - PYTHONHOMEenvironment variable value by default.
 - 
int import_time¶
- If non-zero, profile import time. 
 - 
int inspect¶
- Enter interactive mode after executing a script or a command. 
 - 
int install_signal_handlers¶
- Install signal handlers? 
 - 
int interactive¶
- Interactive mode. 
 - 
int isolated¶
- If greater than 0, enable isolated mode: - sys.pathcontains neither the script’s directory (computed from- argv[0]or the current directory) nor the user’s site-packages directory.
- Python REPL doesn’t import - readlinenor enable default readline configuration on interactive prompts.
- Set - use_environmentand- user_site_directoryto 0.
 
 - 
int legacy_windows_stdio¶
- If non-zero, use - io.FileIOinstead of- io.WindowsConsoleIOfor- sys.stdin,- sys.stdoutand- sys.stderr.- Only available on Windows. - #ifdef MS_WINDOWSmacro can be used for Windows specific code.
 - 
int malloc_stats¶
- If non-zero, dump statistics on Python pymalloc memory allocator at exit. - The option is ignored if Python is built using - --without-pymalloc.
 - 
wchar_t* pythonpath_env¶
- Module search paths as a string separated by - DELIM(- os.path.pathsep).- Initialized from - PYTHONPATHenvironment variable value by default.
 - 
PyWideStringList module_search_paths¶
 - 
int module_search_paths_set¶
- sys.path. If- module_search_paths_setis equal to 0, the- module_search_pathsis overridden by the function calculating the Path Configuration.
 - 
int optimization_level¶
- Compilation optimization level: - 0: Peephole optimizer (and - __debug__is set to- True)
- 1: Remove assertions, set - __debug__to- False
- 2: Strip docstrings 
 
 - 
int parse_argv¶
- If non-zero, parse - argvthe same way the regular Python command line arguments, and strip Python arguments from- argv: see Command Line Arguments.
 - 
int parser_debug¶
- If non-zero, turn on parser debugging output (for expert only, depending on compilation options). 
 - 
int pathconfig_warnings¶
- If equal to 0, suppress warnings when calculating the Path Configuration (Unix only, Windows does not log any warning). Otherwise, warnings are written into - stderr.
 - 
wchar_t* prefix¶
 - 
wchar_t* program_name¶
- Program name. Used to initialize - executable, and in early error messages.
 - 
wchar_t* pycache_prefix¶
- sys.pycache_prefix:- .pyccache prefix.- If - NULL,- sys.pycache_prefixis set to- None.
 - 
int quiet¶
- Quiet mode. For example, don’t display the copyright and version messages in interactive mode. 
 - 
wchar_t* run_command¶
- python3 -c COMMANDargument. Used by- Py_RunMain().
 - 
wchar_t* run_filename¶
- python3 FILENAMEargument. Used by- Py_RunMain().
 - 
wchar_t* run_module¶
- python3 -m MODULEargument. Used by- Py_RunMain().
 - 
int show_ref_count¶
- Show total reference count at exit? - Set to 1 by - -X showrefcountcommand line option.- Need a debug build of Python ( - Py_REF_DEBUGmacro must be defined).
 - 
int skip_source_first_line¶
- Skip the first line of the source? 
 - 
wchar_t* stdio_encoding¶
 - 
wchar_t* stdio_errors¶
- Encoding and encoding errors of - sys.stdin,- sys.stdoutand- sys.stderr.
 - 
int tracemalloc¶
- If non-zero, call - tracemalloc.start()at startup.
 - 
int use_environment¶
- If greater than 0, use environment variables. 
 - 
int verbose¶
- If non-zero, enable verbose mode. 
 - 
PyWideStringList warnoptions¶
- sys.warnoptions: options of the- warningsmodule to build warnings filters: lowest to highest priority.- The - warningsmodule adds- sys.warnoptionsin the reverse order: the last- PyConfig.warnoptionsitem becomes the first item of- warnings.filterswhich is checked first (highest priority).
 - 
int write_bytecode¶
- If non-zero, write - .pycfiles.- sys.dont_write_bytecodeis initialized to the inverted value of- write_bytecode.
 - 
PyWideStringList xoptions¶
 - 
int _use_peg_parser¶
- Enable PEG parser? Default: 1. - Set to 0 by - -X oldparserand- PYTHONOLDPARSER.- See also PEP 617. - Deprecated since version 3.9, will be removed in version 3.10. 
 
- 
void 
If parse_argv is non-zero, argv arguments are parsed the same
way the regular Python parses command line arguments, and Python
arguments are stripped from argv: see Command Line Arguments.
The xoptions options are parsed to set other options: see -X
option.
Changed in version 3.9: The show_alloc_count field has been removed.
Initialization with PyConfig¶
Function to initialize Python:
- 
PyStatus Py_InitializeFromConfig(const PyConfig *config)¶
- Initialize Python from config configuration. 
The caller is responsible to handle exceptions (error or exit) using
PyStatus_Exception() and Py_ExitStatusException().
If PyImport_FrozenModules(), PyImport_AppendInittab() or
PyImport_ExtendInittab() are used, they must be set or called after
Python preinitialization and before the Python initialization. If Python is
initialized multiple times, PyImport_AppendInittab() or
PyImport_ExtendInittab() must be called before each Python
initialization.
Example setting the program name:
void init_python(void)
{
    PyStatus status;
    PyConfig config;
    PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
    /* Set the program name. Implicitly preinitialize Python. */
    status = PyConfig_SetString(&config, &config.program_name,
                                L"/path/to/my_program");
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto fail;
    }
    status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto fail;
    }
    PyConfig_Clear(&config);
    return;
fail:
    PyConfig_Clear(&config);
    Py_ExitStatusException(status);
}
More complete example modifying the default configuration, read the configuration, and then override some parameters:
PyStatus init_python(const char *program_name)
{
    PyStatus status;
    PyConfig config;
    PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
    /* Set the program name before reading the configuration
       (decode byte string from the locale encoding).
       Implicitly preinitialize Python. */
    status = PyConfig_SetBytesString(&config, &config.program_name,
                                  program_name);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto done;
    }
    /* Read all configuration at once */
    status = PyConfig_Read(&config);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto done;
    }
    /* Append our custom search path to sys.path */
    status = PyWideStringList_Append(&config.module_search_paths,
                                     L"/path/to/more/modules");
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto done;
    }
    /* Override executable computed by PyConfig_Read() */
    status = PyConfig_SetString(&config, &config.executable,
                                L"/path/to/my_executable");
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto done;
    }
    status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
done:
    PyConfig_Clear(&config);
    return status;
}
Isolated Configuration¶
PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig() and
PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig() functions create a configuration to
isolate Python from the system. For example, to embed Python into an
application.
This configuration ignores global configuration variables, environment
variables, command line arguments (PyConfig.argv is not parsed)
and user site directory. The C standard streams (ex: stdout) and the
LC_CTYPE locale are left unchanged. Signal handlers are not installed.
Configuration files are still used with this configuration. Set the Path Configuration (“output fields”) to ignore these configuration files and avoid the function computing the default path configuration.
Python Configuration¶
PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig() and PyConfig_InitPythonConfig()
functions create a configuration to build a customized Python which behaves as
the regular Python.
Environments variables and command line arguments are used to configure Python, whereas global configuration variables are ignored.
This function enables C locale coercion (PEP 538) and UTF-8 Mode
(PEP 540) depending on the LC_CTYPE locale, PYTHONUTF8 and
PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE environment variables.
Example of customized Python always running in isolated mode:
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    PyStatus status;
    PyConfig config;
    PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
    config.isolated = 1;
    /* Decode command line arguments.
       Implicitly preinitialize Python (in isolated mode). */
    status = PyConfig_SetBytesArgv(&config, argc, argv);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto fail;
    }
    status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto fail;
    }
    PyConfig_Clear(&config);
    return Py_RunMain();
fail:
    PyConfig_Clear(&config);
    if (PyStatus_IsExit(status)) {
        return status.exitcode;
    }
    /* Display the error message and exit the process with
       non-zero exit code */
    Py_ExitStatusException(status);
}
Path Configuration¶
PyConfig contains multiple fields for the path configuration:
- Path configuration inputs: 
- current working directory: to get absolute paths 
- PATHenvironment variable to get the program full path (from- PyConfig.program_name)
- __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__environment variable
- (Windows only) Application paths in the registry under “SoftwarePythonPythonCoreX.YPythonPath” of HKEY_CURRENT_USER and HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (where X.Y is the Python version). 
 
- Path configuration output fields: 
If at least one “output field” is not set, Python calculates the path
configuration to fill unset fields. If
module_search_paths_set is equal to 0,
module_search_paths is overridden and
module_search_paths_set is set to 1.
It is possible to completely ignore the function calculating the default
path configuration by setting explicitly all path configuration output
fields listed above. A string is considered as set even if it is non-empty.
module_search_paths is considered as set if
module_search_paths_set is set to 1. In this case, path
configuration input fields are ignored as well.
Set pathconfig_warnings to 0 to suppress warnings when
calculating the path configuration (Unix only, Windows does not log any warning).
If base_prefix or base_exec_prefix
fields are not set, they inherit their value from prefix
and exec_prefix respectively.
Py_RunMain() and Py_Main() modify sys.path:
- If - run_filenameis set and is a directory which contains a- __main__.pyscript, prepend- run_filenameto- sys.path.
- If - isolatedis zero:- If - run_moduleis set, prepend the current directory to- sys.path. Do nothing if the current directory cannot be read.
- If - run_filenameis set, prepend the directory of the filename to- sys.path.
- Otherwise, prepend an empty string to - sys.path.
 
If site_import is non-zero, sys.path can be
modified by the site module. If
user_site_directory is non-zero and the user’s
site-package directory exists, the site module appends the user’s
site-package directory to sys.path.
The following configuration files are used by the path configuration:
- pyvenv.cfg
- python._pth(Windows only)
- pybuilddir.txt(Unix only)
The __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__ environment variable is used to set
PyConfig.base_executable
Py_RunMain()¶
- 
int Py_RunMain(void)¶
- Execute the command ( - PyConfig.run_command), the script (- PyConfig.run_filename) or the module (- PyConfig.run_module) specified on the command line or in the configuration.- By default and when if - -ioption is used, run the REPL.- Finally, finalizes Python and returns an exit status that can be passed to the - exit()function.
See Python Configuration for an example of
customized Python always running in isolated mode using
Py_RunMain().
Py_GetArgcArgv()¶
- 
void Py_GetArgcArgv(int *argc, wchar_t ***argv)¶
- Get the original command line arguments, before Python modified them. 
Multi-Phase Initialization Private Provisional API¶
This section is a private provisional API introducing multi-phase initialization, the core feature of PEP 432:
- “Core” initialization phase, “bare minimum Python”: 
- “Main” initialization phase, Python is fully initialized: - Install and configure - importlib;
- Apply the Path Configuration; 
- Install signal handlers; 
- Finish - sysmodule initialization (ex: create- sys.stdoutand- sys.path);
- Enable optional features like - faulthandlerand- tracemalloc;
- Import the - sitemodule;
- etc. 
 
Private provisional API:
- PyConfig._init_main: if set to 0,- Py_InitializeFromConfig()stops at the “Core” initialization phase.
- PyConfig._isolated_interpreter: if non-zero, disallow threads, subprocesses and fork.
- 
PyStatus _Py_InitializeMain(void)¶
- Move to the “Main” initialization phase, finish the Python initialization. 
No module is imported during the “Core” phase and the importlib module is
not configured: the Path Configuration is only
applied during the “Main” phase. It may allow to customize Python in Python to
override or tune the Path Configuration, maybe
install a custom sys.meta_path importer or an import hook, etc.
It may become possible to calculatin the Path Configuration in Python, after the Core phase and before the Main phase, which is one of the PEP 432 motivation.
The “Core” phase is not properly defined: what should be and what should not be available at this phase is not specified yet. The API is marked as private and provisional: the API can be modified or even be removed anytime until a proper public API is designed.
Example running Python code between “Core” and “Main” initialization phases:
void init_python(void)
{
    PyStatus status;
    PyConfig config;
    PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
    config._init_main = 0;
    /* ... customize 'config' configuration ... */
    status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
    PyConfig_Clear(&config);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        Py_ExitStatusException(status);
    }
    /* Use sys.stderr because sys.stdout is only created
       by _Py_InitializeMain() */
    int res = PyRun_SimpleString(
        "import sys; "
        "print('Run Python code before _Py_InitializeMain', "
               "file=sys.stderr)");
    if (res < 0) {
        exit(1);
    }
    /* ... put more configuration code here ... */
    status = _Py_InitializeMain();
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        Py_ExitStatusException(status);
    }
}