| chartr {base} | R Documentation |
Translate characters in character vectors, in particular from upper to lower case or vice versa.
chartr(old, new, x) tolower(x) toupper(x) casefold(x, upper = FALSE)
x |
a character vector. |
old |
a character string specifying the characters to be translated. |
new |
a character string specifying the translations. |
upper |
logical: translate to upper or lower case?. |
chartr translates each character in x that is specified
in old to the corresponding character specified in new.
Ranges are supported in the specifications, but character classes and
repeated characters are not. If old contains more characters
than new, an error is signaled; if it contains fewer characters, the
extra characters at the end of new are ignored.
tolower and toupper convert upper-case characters in a
character vector to lower-case, or vice versa. Non-alphabetic
characters are left unchanged.
casefold is a wrapper for tolower and toupper
provided for compatibility with S-PLUS.
sub and gsub for other
substitutions in strings.
x <- "MiXeD cAsE 123"
chartr("iXs", "why", x)
chartr("a-cX", "D-Fw", x)
tolower(x)
toupper(x)