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| E.1 News and changes | ||
| E.2 Downloading instructions | ||
| E.3 Unix installation instructions | ||
| E.4 Windows installation instructions | ||
| E.5 Macintosh installation instructions |
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The current version 2-0-4 is an update to the release series version 2-0.
Changes with respect to version 2-0-3:
Starting with version 2-0-4, we use NTL (by Victor Shoup) for factoring univariate polynomials. The multivariate factoring code in libfac/factory does now also work over algebraic extension fields.
The help browsers of Singular can be configured via the file LIB/help.cnf, also the addition of new help browsers is possible.
The documentation of libraries was generally improved.
procedures esStratum, isEquising now also for reducible polynomials
new procedures: tau_es (codim of mu-const stratum in semi-universal def. base);
esIdeal ((Wahl’s) equisingularity ideal)
added bernstein: roots of the Bernstein polynomial of t
HNdevelop, reddevelop, essdevelop are obsolete, replaced by hnexpansion
multsequence is "repaired" (since branches computed by hnexpansion
et al) are now ordered according to the needs of multsequence.
newtonpoly needs no longer that ordering of the basering is ls
new procedures: is_NND test if f is Newton non-degenerate
new procedures: depth, fitting, flatteningStrat, isCM, isFlat, isLocallyFree, isReg, KoszulHomology, tensorMod, Tor
in proc tensor(A,B): check if ncols(A)==0
new procedure: deltaLoc(f,S); (sum of) delta invariant(s) at conjugated
singular points
proc genus makes now use of is_NND of hnoether.lib
optimizations again
procedure laguerre_solve ignores no longer the 2nd parameter (precision of
internal computation)
new procedure simplexOut: prints solution of simplex in nice format
Bucket representation of polynomials.
revisited, missing cases implemented
NTL is used for univariate factorization
adapted for use with gcc 3.1/3.2, gmp 4.x
MP functionality is not available on
Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2K/XP and MacOS X.
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SINGULAR is available as binary program for most common hard- and software platforms. Release versions of SINGULAR can be downloaded with ftp from our FTP site
or, using your favorite WWW browser, from
Make sure that you have approximately 20 MByte of free disk space and follow these steps.
Singular-2-0-4-share.tar.gzcontains architecture independent data like documentation and libraries
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/UNIX/Singular-2-0-4-share.tar.gz
Singular-2-0-4-<uname>.tar.gzcontains architecture dependent executables, like the SINGULAR program.
<uname> is a description of the processor and operating
system for which SINGULAR is compiled. Choose one of the following:
ix86-Linux | PC’s running under Linux with libc version 6 (e.g., for SuSe
Linux distribution version >= 6; RedHat Linux distribution version >= 5.2).
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/UNIX/Singular-2-0-4-ix86-Linux.tar.gz |
ix86-Linux-libc5 | PC’s running under Linux with libc version 5 (if you are not
sure which libc version you have, run ldd /bin/ls).
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/UNIX/Singular-2-0-4-ix86-Linux-libc5.tar.gz |
ix86-freebsd | ’s running under FreeBSD
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/UNIX/Singular-2-0-4-ix86-freebsd.tar.gz |
ix86-Win | PC’s running Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2K/XP which have Cygwin version 1.3.9 (or higher) already installed. Unless you are familiar with Cygwin, we recommend that you download one of the self-extracting archives as described below. |
HPUX-9 | HP workstations running under HPUX version 9
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/UNIX/Singular-2-0-4-HPUX-9.tar.gz |
HPUX-10 | HP workstations running under HPUX version 10
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/UNIX/Singular-2-0-4-HPUX-10.tar.gz |
SunOS-5 | Sun workstations running Solaris version 5
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/UNIX/Singular-2-0-4-SunOS-5.tar.gz |
IRIX-6 | IRIX workstations running IRIX version 6
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/UNIX/Singular-2-0-4-IRIX-6.tar.gz |
AIX-4 | AIX workstations running AIX version 4
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/UNIX/Singular-2-0-4-AIX-4.tar.gz |
PowerMacintosh-darwin | PowerMacintosh running Mac OS X
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/MAC/OsX/Singular-2-0-4-PowerMacintosh-darwin.tar.gz |
DecAlpha-Linux | Digital Dec Alpha running Linux (RedHat 5.2)
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/UNIX/Singular-2-0-4-DecAlpha-Linux.tar.gz |
DecAlpha-OSF1 | Digital Dec Alpha running OSF 1
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/UNIX/Singular-2-0-4-DecAlpha-OSF1.tar.gz |
Please contact us if you can not find an appropriate architecture dependent archive.
cd /usr/local/
SINGULAR specific subdirectories will be created in such a way
that multiple versions and multiple architecture dependent files
of SINGULAR can peaceably coexist under the same /usr/local/
tree.
gzip -dc Singular-2-0-4-<uname>.tar.gz | tar -pxf - gzip -dc Singular-2-0-4-share.tar.gz | tar -pxf -
If you have downloaded Singular-2-0-4-share.zip,
unpack with
unzip -u Singular-2-0-4-share.zip
Singular/2-0-4/INSTALL (which is also located at
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/INSTALL_unix.html
for details on how to finish the installation.
Singular-2-0-4-Compact.exeMinimal archive to download. Installs Singular and minimal set of needed tools and DLLs.
Singular-2-0-4-Typical.exeTypical archive to download. Installs Singular and the XEmacs editor to run ESingular.
Setup failed to launch installation engine:
Error loading type library/DLL, then you need to download and execute Microsoft DCOM98 package
http://www.microsoft.com/com/dcom/dcom98/download.asp.
Such a problem could appear on Win 95/98.
/etc/INSTALL.txt (which is also located at
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/WINDOWS/INSTALL_win.htm
for details on how to finish the installation.
For the SINGULAR version for Mac OS X refer to the Unix section.
The SINGULAR version for Mac OS 9 is available as
ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/MAC/classic/Singular-2-0-2-html.sea.hqx (documentation) and ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/MAC/classic/Singular-2-0-2-ppc-MPW.sea.hqx (binaries and libraries).
The file ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/MAC/classic/INSTALL_mac.html
gives details on how to finish the installation.
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To install SINGULAR on a Unix platform, you need the following two archives:
Singular-2-0-4-share.tar.gzcontains architecture independent data like documentation and libraries
(alternatively, you may also download
Singular-2-0-4-share.zip).
Singular-2-0-4-<uname>.tar.gzcontains architecture dependent executables, like the SINGULAR program.
<uname> is a description of the processor and operating system
for which SINGULAR is compiled (e.g, ix86-Linux). Please contact us if
you can not find an appropriate architecture dependent archive.
You can obtain these (and other) archives from
Make sure that you have approximately 12MByte of free disk space and follow these steps.
cd /usr/local or mkdir install;cd install (you do not need root privileges in this case)
SINGULAR specific subdirectories will be created in such a way
that multiple versions and multiple architecture dependent files
of SINGULAR can peaceably coexist under the same /usr/local
tree.
gzip -dc <path_to>/Singular-2-0-4-<uname>.tar.gz | tar -pxf - gzip -dc <path_to>/Singular-2-0-4-share.tar.gz | tar -pxf -
This creates the the directory Singular/2-0-4 with
| (sub)directories | which contain |
<uname> | Singular and ESingular executables |
LIB | SINGULAR libraries (*.lib files) |
emacs | files for the SINGULAR Emacs user interface |
info | info files of SINGULAR manual |
html | html files of SINGULAR manual |
doc | miscellaneous documentation files |
examples | SINGULAR examples (*.sing files) |
For the executable to work, the directory layout must look pretty much like this; the executable looks for "sibling" directories at run-time to figure out where its SINGULAR libraries and on-line documentation files are. These constraints on the local directory layout are necessary to avoid having to hard-code pathnames into the executables, or require that environment variables be set before running the executable. In particular, you must not move or copy the SINGULAR executables to another place, but use soft-links instead.
The following steps are optional:
Singular at the shell prompt starts up the
installed SINGULAR executable.
If you have root permission, do:
ln -s `pwd`/Singular/2-0-4/<uname>/Singular /usr/local/bin/Singular-2-0-4 ln -s `pwd`/Singular/2-0-4/<uname>/ESingular /usr/local/bin/ESingular-2-0-4 ln -s /usr/local/bin/Singular-2-0-4 /usr/local/bin/Singular ln -s /usr/local/bin/ESingular-2-0-4 /usr/local/bin/ESingular
Otherwise, append the directory
`pwd`/Singular/2-0-4/<uname>/ to your $PATH
environment variable. For the csh (or, tcsh) shell do:
set path=(`pwd`/Singular/2-0-4/<uname> $path)
For the bash (or, ksh) shell do:
export PATH=`pwd`/Singular/2-0-4/<uname>/:$PATH
You also might want to adjust your personal start-up files
(~/.cshrc for csh, ~/.tcshrc for tcsh, or
~/.profile for bash) accordingly,
so that the $PATH variable is set automatically each time you login.
IMPORTANT: Do never move or copy the file
Singular/2-0-4/<uname>/Singular to another
place, but use soft-links instead.
| Feature | Requires |
running ESingular, or Singular within Emacs | Emacs version 20 or higher, or, XEmacs version 20.3 or higher (ESingular is only included in the Linux distribution, on other Unix platforms you can download the Singular emacs lisp files but we give no warranties for specific platforms). |
on-line html help | netscape browser |
on-line info help | info, or tkinfo texinfo browser programs |
| TAB completion and history mechanism of ASCII-terminal interface | shared readline
library, i.e. /usr/lib/libreadline.so |
| visualization of curves and surfaces | surf version 0.9 or higher (only available for Linux and Solaris). |
You may download most of these programs from
By default, on-line help is displayed in the html format using
the netscape program.
However, this behavior can be customized in several ways
using the SINGULAR commands system("--browser",<browser>)
and system("--allow-net", 1) (or, by starting up SINGULAR
with the respective command line options).
In particular, creating the file
Singular/2-0-4/LIB/.singularrc and putting the
SINGULAR command
system("--allow-net", 1);
in it, allows the on-line help system to fetch its html pages
from Singular’s WWW
home site
in case its local html pages are not found. That is, you may delete your
local html pages, after setting this option.
See also The online help system, Command line options, and Startup sequence, for more details on customizing the on-line help system.
* Singular:(singular.hlp). A system for polynomial computations
to your system-wide dir file (usually /usr/info/dir or
/usr/local/info/dir and copy or soft-link the file
Singular/2-0-4/info/singular.hlp
to the directory of your dir file.
This assures that the
SINGULAR manual can be accessed from stand-alone texinfo
browser programs such as info or Emacs.
(It is not necessary for the use of the help system from within Singular.)
cd to the
directory where you unpacked SINGULAR, and do (as root, if
necessary):
chmod -R a+rX Singular
system("Singular");.
If this does not return the correct and expanded location of the
SINGULAR executable, then you found a bug in SINGULAR, which we
ask you to report (see below).
$bindir denotes the
directory where the SINGULAR executable resides, then SINGULAR
looks for library files as follows:
$bindir/LIB
$bindir/../LIB
/usr/local/Singular/2-0-4/LIB
/usr/local/Singular/LIB
info files need to be at $bindir/../info and the
html pages at $bindir/../html.
You can inspect the found library and info/html
directories by starting up SINGULAR with the
--version option, or by issuing the SINGULAR command
system("--version");.
/dev/pty* of
the standard SuSE distribution (starting from
version 6.3 on). As root, do one of the following: Either
chmod 666 /dev/pty*
or,
chmod g+s $(which emacs) chgrp tty $(which emacs) chmod g+s $(which xemacs) chgrp tty $(which xemacs)
See also http://sdb.suse.de/sdb/de/html/ke_devpts-63.html for details.
HPUX systems:
Name collision between 9826 9836
when SINGULAR is started. To fix this, you can get fixed termcap
files from ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/utils
by downloading the files termcap-<uname-description> and either
replace your /etc/termcap file by the file found there, or view, and
redo the respective changes by diff’ing the downloaded and the
original file.
ix86-Linux systems:
Can not find shared library ...
For DEBIAN systems, try to do
ln -s /usr/lib/libncurses.so /usr/lib/libncurses.so.4.
If this fails (and on other systems)
download and install
Singular-2-0-4-ix86-Linux-static.tar.gz.
AIX systems:
info program of the system is not GNU’s texinfo
browser which is used to display the on-line documentation in the
info format. Therefore, the distribution of the AIX executable
already contains the info browser program.
If you remove this program, make sure that the GNU
info program is executed if you call ’info’ from your shell.
-v option, and a description of your machine (issue the
command uname -a on your shell) in your report.
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Administrator rights.
Singular installed, please uninstall it
before installing Singular-2-0-4. It is recommended to
install the new Singular in the same directory where the previous
version was installed. Thus your existing environment will be used automatically.
Cygwin or XEmacs installed and they do not belong
of some previous Singular installation,
please read the information below.
/etc/INSTALL.txt,
/etc/TROUBLESHOOTING.txt or visit
the Singular Forum at http://www.singular.uni-kl.de/forum.
Running Singular on MS Windows requires that the Cygwin DLL
(dynamically linked library) version 1.3.9 or higher is installed on your
system (see http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/ for details about
Cygwin). We install and configure Cygwin version 1.3.9 automatically, if
the BasicCygwin component is selected (default setting).
To run ESingular (i.e. Singular within its Emacs interface) on
MS Windows requires furthermore that the XEmacs editor is installed on
your system. We install and configure XEmacs version 21.1.13 automatically, if the XEmacs component is selected.
The Singular installation is divided into the following
components (you see them explicitly if you choose the Custom Setup Type
during the installation):
Program Files:SingularContains the Singular Program, documentation and example files.
All files of this component are installed under the directory
/usr/local/Singular/2-0-4
BasicCygwinContains the Cygwin DLL and basic tools/programs (like bash or
info) of the Cygwin environment.
The Cygwin DLL and programs are installed in the directory
/bin. Miscellaneous documentation and configuration files are
installed into the directory /etc.
XEmacsContains the Cygwin port of the XEmacs editor (see
http://www.xemacs.org for more about XEmacs) version 21.1.13.
All files of this component are installed under the directory
/usr/local.
ESingularContains the ESingular, the most comfortable Singular interface.
Requires XEmacs to run.
Remark:All essential DLLs, some programs and symbolic links are installed in the directory
/usr/local/Singular/2-0-4/ix86-Win, which must be present in your PATH system variable.
Help Files:WinHelpContains Singular Manual, converted to Windows help format (.hlp). We recommend to install it, because it is small in size. Moreover, we set it as default help browser in all the Singular executables.
HTML HelpContains the "native" Singular Manual. It’s not included by default, because it is much bigger than WinHelp, though it has better typesetting of mathematical formulae.
The Typical Setup Type of the Singular-2-0-4-Typical.exe contains
BasicCygwin, Singular,
XEmacs, ESingular, WinHelp and HTML Help
components. The Compact Setup Type does not contain only the HTML Help component.
To install Singular on a PC running Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2K/XP, you need
to download one of the following archive files:
Minimal archive: Singular-2-0-4-Compact.exe (BasicCygwin, Singular, WinHelp components)
Typical archive : Singular-2-0-4-Typical.exe (BasicCygwin, Singular, XEmacs, ESingular, WinHelp, HTML Help components)
You can obtain these (and other) archives
either from the WINDOWS directory on the Singular CD or from
The recent Setup program analyzes your system, e.g. it detects whether Cygwin and XEmacs are present and functional. Then it gives you hints and/or error messages with instructions during the installation.
If you have Cygwin installedIf the version of cygwin1.dll is not less than 1.3.9,
you will be prompted that the BasicCygwin component will not
be installed. Moreover, the existing Cygwin root directory will be proposed as
the default installation directory. You can accept it, then
Singular will be placed into the existing Cygwin environment.
If you choose another destination, Singular will use Cygwin
programs anyway. If your Cygwin has incorrect settings (like
inconsistent mount points among the important ones), Singular
Setup will correct them.
If setup could not detect cygwin, present in the system, you
can try to break the installation, start it once more, choose the
"Custom" setup type and unselect the BasicCygwin component.
If you have XEmacs installedThe Cygwin port of XEmacs version 21.1.13 together
with the most
important packages is included in the distribution. The use of
non-Cygwin ports or earlier Cygwin ports has some
quirks and does not work
properly together with Singular (i.e., running ESingular
results in problems). Nevertheless, if you want to test the
compatibility of ESingular with your own XEmacs, just
de-select the XEmacs component, but leave ESingular selected.
If your XEmacs happens to be incompatible with ESingular, you can
install just the XEmacs component and use in fact two different
XEmacs programs.
The setup program will search for XEmacs and packages
in <TARGETDIR>/usr/local/lib (here <TARGETDIR> is the directory which you selected while running setup). If you have Cygwin and the Cygwin port of
XEmacs, you might have XEmacs installed there. To avoid overwriting your XEmacs files, setup will ask you what to do.
The following step(s) are optional:
C:
is used in the example):
mount -f -s -t C: /C
After mounting the drive(s) this way, you can conveniently access the
files on a drive from the bash shell and from XEmacs using the /C/ prefix. Otherwise, you need to type /cygdrive/C - that is
the Cygwin convention. You can get more information on mount command by invoking mount --help. Command umount unmount the selected
mount point.
HOME directory.
bash or XEmacs) store
user-specific configuration/customization files in the HOME
directory of the current user. During the installation, the HOME
directory is globally set for all users to /home/Singular. To
create your individual HOME directory follow these steps:
C:\home\MyHome.
/home/Singular to C:\home\MyHome.
HOME to C:\home\MyHome:
AUTOEXEC.BAT
file.
Environment control
panel.
You may furthermore examine the files copied into your HOME
directory and adjust (i.e. edit) them to your personal
preferences/needs. System-wide settings are stored in the file
/etc/profile.
You can uninstall individual or all installed components by opening the
Software shortcut of the Control panel.
Simply double-click the Singular item and
follow the instructions given there.
For any other troubles,
please send an email to singular@mathematik.uni-kl.de
and include the header which is displayed by starting up Singular
with the -v option, and a description of your machine and
operating system.
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For the SINGULAR version for Mac OS X refer to the Unix section. The SINGULAR version for Mac OS 9 is available as ‘ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/MAC/classic/Singular-2-0-4-html.sea.hqx’ (documentation) and ‘ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/MAC/classic/Singular-2-0-4-ppc-MPW.sea.hqx’ (binaries and libraries). The file ‘ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular/MAC/classic/INSTALL_mac.txt’ gives details on how to finish the installation.
This is the final distribution of SINGULAR as MPW tool.
Newer versions of SINGULAR will only be available for MacOS X (which is handled like other UNIX-systems).
To install SINGULAR on a Macintosh (PPC only), you need the file Singular-2-0-2-ppc-MPW.sea.hqx resp. Singular-2-0-2-ppc-MPW.hqx which you can obtain by public ftp from ftp://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/pub/Math/Singular.
Furthermore, you need MacOS version >= 8.5 with an installed MPW shell.
This version works also without Carbon.
Please see INSTALL_unix.html.
In contrast to other Unix systems, under MacOS X, SINGULAR is only available as a shell command and there is no Emacs interface.
Enter Singular in a terminal under Aqua to run SINGULAR.
Alternatively, you may choose Terminal as the application to open the file Singular with and put it into the dock.
Carbon.lib.
Singular-2-0-2-ppc-MPW.sea.hqx.
Singular-2-0-2-ppc-MPW.sea file.
Singular-2-0-2-ppc-MPW.sea file.
This will create a new folder named Singular: which contains the SINGULAR program in the subfolder 2-0-2:ppc-MPW:.
Do not change the structure of the subfolders.
Singular in the MPW worksheet.
Clicking on the SINGULAR icon on the desktop, starts up the MPW shell (the working directory of the MPW shell is then the directory of the executable).
If you start the MPW shell manually, you must set the working directory to the directory of the SINGULAR program.
You may use the directory menu or write into the startup file of the MPW shell the line
setdirectory "{Boot}"Singular:2-0-2:ppc-MPW:
if "{Boot}"Singular:2-0-2:ppc-MPW: is the folder of the executable.
After unpacking, you will have a directory structure like:
Singular:2-0-2:ppc-MPW:SingularSingular executable
Singular:2-0-2:ppc-MPW:libparseparser for Singular libraries
Singular:2-0-2:LIB:Singular libraries
Singular:2-0-2:LIB:gftables:Singular gftables
Singular:2-0-2:doc:singular.idxindex of inline help
Singular:2-0-2:doc:singular.hlpfile for inline help
Singular:2-0-2:READMEinformation of the distribution
Singular:2-0-2:README.hlmlSingular:2-0-2:COPYINGlicense information
Singular:2-0-2:COPYING.htmlSingular:2-0-2:NEWSnews in the distribution
Singular:2-0-2:NEWS.htmlSingular:2-0-2:INSTALLinstructions like this file
The SINGULAR libraries have a special form to work here.
Do not use the libraries from other distributions.
They are not compatible.
A supplementary file is Singular-2-0-2-html.sea.hqx which contains the html pages.
You can use this with a browser but not from the program SINGULAR.
The self-extracting archive will create the folder html: and you may extract it at "{Boot}"Singular:2-0-2:.
The final version of MPW is downloadable from Apple at ftp://ftp.apple.com/developer/Tool_Chest/Core_Mac_OS_Tools/MPW_etc./MPW-GM_Images/.
Older versions of Carbon.lib may conflict with the latest MPW.
In this case, you need to update Carbon.lib or work without it.
Some typical Unix features of SINGULAR are not working with MPW, e.g. links and cooperation with other programs like XEmacs and xterm.
For any other troubles, please send an email to singular@mathematik.uni-kl.de and include the header which is displayed by starting up SINGULAR
with the -v option, and a description of your machine and operating system.
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